Journal: The Cell Surface

Article Title: Compromising UPD-sugar nucleotide biosynthesis attenuates Candida albicans viability, virulence and drug sensitivity ☆

doi: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2026.100170

Figure Lengend Snippet: Host cell damage and virulence capacity of mutants in sugar nucleotide biosynthesis. (A) Mutants grown in +/− 25 μg/ml Dox screened for epithelial damage using A-431 cells by LDH assay. The mean LDH released at 24 h post co-incubation is shown for repressed mutants (grown in presence of Dox; blue bars) and No-Dox controls (red bars). Red and blue horizontal lines indicate the mean LDH activity for wild type control (No-Dox) and wild type grown in presence of Dox respectively. Welsh t-test used for statistical analysis; error bars represent standard error of mean; p**** < 0.0001. (B) Survival plots of G. mellonella larvae infected with C. albicans mutants in: (I) GDP-mannose, (II) UDP-glucose and (III) UDP- N -acetylglucosamine biosynthesis in presence (solid lines) and absence (dotted lines) of Dox. No killing or improved survival was observed for a number of repressed mutants. No killing was observed in control larvae injected with equivalent volume of PBS. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Human epithelial cells derived from a vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (A-431 cell line; ATCC No.: CRL-1555) were cultured and maintained in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% ( v /v) heat inactivated foetal calf serum, 5% penicillin and 5% streptomycin.

Techniques: Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay, Incubation, Activity Assay, Control, Infection, Injection

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The potential cytotoxic effect of recent universal adhesives with modified monomeric compositions on human gingival epithelial cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-38054-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Photomicrograph of gingival epithelial cells used in the study at 80% confluence under an inverted microscope showing a characteristic cobblestone appearance. scale bar 100 µm.

Article Snippet: A human gingival epithelial cell line (ATCC CRL-3397) which was purchased from Nawah Scientific Inc. (Mokatam, Cairo, Egypt) was used in this study.

Techniques: Inverted Microscopy

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Development and evaluation of an inhalable nanoemulsion system for enhancing NK cell function against osteosarcoma pulmonary metastases

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1772375

Figure Lengend Snippet: DSG-PEG2000 turbidity assessment, mucus penetration potential of DSG-PEG2000, and toxicity analysis of DSG-PEG2000 on human respiratory epithelial cells. (A) Turbidity measurement of normal saline, DSG-PEG2000, and chitosan oligosaccharide lactate solutions added to 0.5% porcine mucin II solution, with significance indicated. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean values (* indicates significant difference (p < 0.01), n=3). (B) Visual schematic of artificial mucus layer penetration study (figure created with PowerPoint). (C) Mean absorbance of Nile red in the agarose layer due to mucopenetration. The red line indicates significance between the timepoint 2 hr group. Blue line indicates significance between the timepoint 4 hr group. The green line indicates significance between the timepoint 6 hr group. Error bars represent standard deviation (* indicates significant difference (p < 0.01)). (D) Viability of hSAEC cells following incubation with blank nanoemulsion at concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% (v/v).

Article Snippet: Recombinant human (rh)IL-2 and rhIL-15 were obtained from the Biological Resources Branch (National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD) and recombinant murine IL-15 was purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN). hSAEC primary small airway epithelial cells (Cat #PCS-301-010), NK-92 human NK cell lymphoma (Cat #CRL-2407), MG63 human osteosarcoma (Cat #CRL-1427), and K7M2 murine osteosarcoma (Cat #CRL-2836) cell lines were all obtained from ATCC (Manassas, VA).

Techniques: Saline, Standard Deviation, Incubation